How can I pass additional params to a shortcode while in a loop?

I am new to WP, and stuck in a shortcode. here’s my issue. created a shortcode like this

add_shortcode( 'position', 'object_position_in_post');
function object_position_in_post( $atts = [] ) {
    $atts = array_change_key_case( (array) $atts, CASE_LOWER );
    $format = $atts['format'];
    $position = get_post_meta( $product, '_target_position'.$post->ID, true);
    if(isset($atts['format']) && !empty($atts['format'])){
       if($format === 'num')
                return $position;
       if($format === 'word')
                $formatter = new NumberFormatter('en_US', NumberFormatter::SPELLOUT);
                return str_replace('-', ' ', $formatter->format($position));
     }
 return &position;
}

I need to use it on posts where multiple products are called in blocks using a loop; so how can I pass addition params so that it becomes dynamic and works flawlessly. shortcode should become something like this

[position format='what-was-passed' product_id='".$product->ID."' postid='".$post->ID."']  

Any help is highly appreciated;

Desc:
I have custom posts where I have pulled wooproducts based on some logic to list them as per their ‘ranks’, and that list is being generated via loop (including product short description), I have also saved those ranks as post meta to concerned products in connection with the custom post id. Now I am pulling those product specific meta data via this shortcode which is placed inside short description of the products.
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